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''Untimely Meditations'' ((ドイツ語:Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen)), also translated as ''Unfashionable Observations''〔Nietzsche (1995)〕 and ''Thoughts Out Of Season''〔Nietzsche (1909)〕) consists of four works by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, started in 1873 and completed in 1876. The work comprises a collection of four (out of a projected 13) essays concerning the contemporary condition of European, especially German, culture. A fifth essay, published posthumously, had the title "We Philologists", and gave as a "''Task for philology'': disappearance".〔 Glenn W. Most, ("On the use and abuse of ancient Greece for life" ), HyperNietzsche, 2003-11-09 〕 Nietzsche here began to discuss the limitations of empirical knowledge, and presented what would appear compressed in later aphorisms. It combines the naivete of ''The Birth of Tragedy'' with the beginnings of his more mature polemical style. It was Nietzsche's most humorous work, especially for "David Strauss: the confessor and the writer," though this levity was not continued by Nietzsche much in later works. ==Publication== ''Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen'' has been one of the more difficult of Nietzsche's titles to be translated into English, with each subsequent translation offering a new variation. Thus: ''Untimely Meditations'' (Kaufmann), ''Thoughts Out of Season'' (Ludovici), ''Untimely Reflections'' (Hayman), ''Unmodern Observations'' (Arrowsmith) and ''Inopportune Speculations'', ''Unfashionable Observations'' or ''Essays in Sham Smashing'' (H. L. Mencken). Many different plans for the series are found in Nietzsche's notebooks, most of them showing a total of thirteen essays. The titles and subjects vary with each entry, the project conceived to last six years (one essay every six months). A typical outline dated "Autumn 1873" reads as follows: Nietzsche abandoned the project after completing only four essays, seeming to lose interest after the publication of the third.〔Schaberg, pp.31-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Untimely Meditations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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